Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue delimitar la ronda hídrica del río Cauca en el tramo comprendido entre La Balsa y Mediacanoa. Para ello se analizaron diferentes metodologías y adicionalmente se consideraron los criterios de Zona de Flujo Preferente (ZFP) y Zona de Inundación Peligrosa (ZIP) indicadas por el Ministerio del Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible (MADS), para la delimitación de la ronda hídrica, al igual que la i) localización de los diques marginales de protección según lo estipulado en el Acuerdo 052 de 2011 de la Corporación Autónoma Regional del Valle del Cauca (CVC) y el componente ecosistémico y ii) componentes ecosistémico y geomorfológico. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, al aplicar el criterio de Zona de Inundación Peligrosa el área requerida para la ronda hídrica es de 25,153 hectareas, lo que equivale al 84% del área total de la planicie aluvial del río Cauca entre La Balsa y Mediacanoa. Aunque las propuestas evaluadas no cumplen con el criterio de Zona de Flujo Preferente, permitirían disminuir los niveles de agua del río Cauca hasta 0.67 m respecto a la condición actual. Considerando la dinámica y las condiciones particulares del río Cauca en el sector comprendido entre La Balsa y Mediacanoa, y los resultados aquí obtenidos en este estudio se confirma que las metodologías propuestas en España (Territorio Fluvial Sostenible), Holanda y Colombia (MADS) son las más completas para lograr la recuperación y conservación de las zonas ripiarias de los ríos. Por lo tanto, se estableció y aplicó una metodología que considera los aspectos más relevantes de cada una de estas tres metodológías.

Abstract The objective of this investigation was to delimit the riparian buffer zone of the Cauca River in the stretch between La Balsa and Mediacanoa. For this, different methodologies has been analyzed and, additionally, the terms of the Preferred Flow Zone (ZFP) and the Dangerous Flood Zone (ZIP) indicated by the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development (MADS) have been considered, in order to determine the riparian buffer zone, as well as i) the location of marginal protection dams as stipulated in Agreement 052 of 2011 of the regional environmental authority of the Valle del Cauca (CVC) and the ecosystem component and ii) ecosystem and geomorphological components. The results show that by applying the ZIP criterion, the area required for the riparian buffer zone is 25,153 hectares, which is equivalent to 84% of the total area of the alluvial plain of the Cauca River between La Balsa and Mediacanoa. Although the proposals evaluated do not meet the ZFP criterion, the water levels of the Cauca River will be reduced to 0.67 m with respect to the current condition. Considering the dynamics and local conditions of the Cauca River in the sector between La Balsa and Mediacanoa, in combination with the results obtained in this study, it is confirmed that the proposed methodologies in Spain (Sustainable Fluvial Territory), The Netherlands and Colombia (MADS) are the most complete to achieve the recovery and conservation of riparian zones. Therefore, a methodology which considers the most relevant aspects of these three methodologies has been created and applied.

BACKGROUND: The mechanism by which high-voltage electrical stimulation (HVPC) acts on edema reduction is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of HVPC with negative polarity (-) applied to the ankle of rats with acute joint inflammation. METHOD: Sixty-four rats were divided into four groups (n=16): inflamed+HVPC(-), 0.03 mL application of ι-carrageenan (3%) to the tibiotarsal joint plus HVPC(-); inflamed+HVPC placebo, carrageenan application and HVPC placebo; normal+HVPC(-), HVPC application(-); and normal control, no intervention. The HVPC(-) 100 Hz at a submotor level was applied daily for 45 min on three consecutive days. The variables were pain, hind-foot volume, and serum histamine and albumin assessed before and during the 48 hours following inflammation. The variables were compared using the t test, one-way ANOVA, nested ANOVA for repeated measures, and the post hoc Bonferroni test. Analysis of covariance was applied to adjust the effects of HVPC(-) by measurements of pain, inflammation, albumin, and histamine at 24 h, and the final weight was compared to the other groups. The significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There were no differences between the inflamed+HVPC(-) and inflamed+HVPC placebo groups in terms of pain or edema (p>0.05). Albumin was reduced in the groups that received the intervention, but there was no differences between them. There was only a 24 hour increase in histamine with the normal+HVPC(-) (p=0.0001) and inflamed+HVPC placebo groups (p=0.01) compared to the normal control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that HVPC(-) with the parameters employed did not reduce pain or edema and did not change serum albumin or histamine levels,, which indicates the inability of this resource to have a positive effect when treating treat acute joint inflammation.

The absence of a methodology to analyze the micoflora in amaranth's seed, has motivated the performing of the present work. Seeds of two cultivars were sown (with and without disinfection process before sowing) on Petri dishes, some with "Blotter test" paper and others with five agarized culture media. All of them were placed in a chamber with 26 ºC± 2 and 16 h of photoperiod, and were incubated during seven days. After this period of time, the maximum number of different fungi genera developed on each substrate was registered, and the seed germination percentage was calculated. A total of fourteen genera of fungi (field and storage ones) were found, being Alternaria the most frequently isolated. In relation to the maximum number of fungi genera found, significant differences among the media analyzed (p>0,001) were detected, resulting the media APG, CZ and PCA the most effective ones. According to the disinfection treatment applied to the seeds before sowing, in general terms the fungi expansive growth was reduced. The germination percentage analysis revealed the presence of significant (p>0,001) interactions between amaranth cultivars and disinfection levels in four of the media analyzed, while in the remainder not significant interactions were registered.

La ausencia de una metodología destinada al análisis de la micoflora en semillas de amaranto (Amaranthus spp.) ha motivado la realización del presente trabajo. A tal efecto, fueron sembradas semillas de dos cultivares (con y sin tratamiento de desinfección en forma previa a la siembra) en papel «Blotter test» y en cinco medios agarizados: Agar Papa Glucosado al 2% (APG), Agar Extracto de Glucosa Cloramfenicol (CYG), Agar Czapek (CZ), Agar para conteo en placa (PCA) y Agar Sabouraud (SAB). Los cajas fueron incubadas a 26 °C± 2 y 16 hs luz/8hs oscuridad de fotoperíodo durante siete días, a partir del cual se procedió a registrar el número máximo de géneros fúngicos desarrollados y el porcentaje de germinación de las semillas. Un total de catorce géneros fúngicos procedentes del campo y del almacenamiento fueron registrados, destacándose Alternaria por su mayor frecuencia de aislamiento. Al evaluar el número máximo de géneros fúngicos, se detectaron diferencias significativas entre los medios (p>0,001) resultando los medios APG, CZ y PCA los más efectivos. Por otro lado, la desinfección aplicada a las semillas redujo en términos generales el desarrollo de hongos de crecimiento expansivo. El análisis de los datos correspondientes al porcentaje de germinación reveló la presencia de interacciones entre los cultivares y los niveles de desinfección significativas (p>0,001) en cuatro de los medios analizados; mientras que en el resto se registraron interacciones no significativas.